Citing mainly occurs in these areas of your paper :
- In-text citation
- An in-text citation is a reference made within the body of text of an academic essay. Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your bibliography or reference list.
Examples of in-text citations:
APA format example:
The sky is blue (Cottrell, 2013). |
ACS format example:
The sky is blue.1 |
IEEE format example:
The sky is blue [1]. |
- Reference list or Bibliography
- A reference list and a bibliography look very much alike. They both contain entries arranged alphabetically for example, by author, and they include the same basic information. The difference lies not so much in how they look as in what they contain. The purpose is to help the reader uniquely identify and access each source.
A bibliography is a detailed list of works cited in your paper, plus the background readings or other material that you may have read, but not actually cited.
A reference list is the detailed list of references that are cited in your work. For example, in APA Style, each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list, and each entry in the reference list must be cited in text.
- Footnotes / Endnotes
- Some academic disciplines (such as history & political science) prefer to use footnotes (notes at the foot of the page) or endnotes (notes at the end of the work) to reference their writing. Although this method differs in style from the usual "'author, date'" system, it serves the same purpose, i.e. to acknowledge the source of ideas, data or quotations without undue interruption to the flow of the writing.
