The American Psychological Association (APA) style guides and manuals below provide instructions and examples of how to create footnotes and bibliographies in research papers. Some include advice on grammar and punctuation, research methods, and guidelines on formatting the final paper.
is a is a free bibliographic citation management software that:
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The following citation builders are freely available on the web. NUS Libraries, however, do not provide support for any of these tools.
Accessibility Guidelines | Guidelines that support accessibility for all users, including simplified reference, in-text citation, and heading formats as well as additional font options. |
Bias-Free Language Guidelines | New chapter on bias-free language guidelines for writing about people with respect and inclusivity in areas including age, disability, gender, participation in research, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. |
Best Practices | The Publication Manual (7th ed.) has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect best practices in scholarly writing and publishing. |
Ethics Expanded | Expanded guidance on ethical writing and publishing practices, including how to ensure the appropriate level of citation, avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, and navigate the publication process |
Journal Article Reporting Standards | New chapter on journal article reporting standards that includes updates to reporting standards for quantitative research and the first-ever qualitative and mixed methods reporting standards in APA Style. |
New Student Resources | Resources for students on writing and formatting annotated bibliographies, response papers, and other paper types as well as guidelines on citing course materials. |
New-User Content | Dedicated chapter for new users of APA Style covering paper elements and format, including sample papers for both professional authors and student writers. |
100+ Reference Examples | More than 100 new reference examples covering periodicals, books, audiovisual media, social media, webpages and websites, and legal resources. |
40+ New Sample Tables and Figures | More than 40 new sample tables and figures, including student-friendly examples such as a correlation table and a bar chart as well as examples that show how to reproduce a table or figure from another source. |